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Definition 2024


-化

U+5316, 化
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5316

[U+5315]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5317]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 21 +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人心 (OP), four-corner 24210, composition)

Derived characters

See also

References

  • KangXi: page 152, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2572
  • Dae Jaweon: page 342, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 109, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5316

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ŋʷaːl
*ŋʷaːl
*ŋʷaːl
*lu, *ŋʷaːl
*ŋʷaːl
*hʷa
*hŋʷaːls
*hʷraː
*hŋʷraːls
*hŋʷraːls
*pilʔ, *hŋʷraːls

Ideogrammic compound (會意) of two (“person”), one upright () and one upside down (𠤎) — reversal; change. Shuowen also considers 𠤎 to be a phonetic component.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /xua⁵¹/
Harbin /xua⁵³/
Tianjin /xuɑ⁵³/
Jinan /xua²¹/
Qingdao /xua⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xua³¹²/
Xi'an /xua⁴⁴/
Xining /xua²¹³/
Yinchuan /xua¹³/
Lanzhou /xua¹³/
Ürümqi /xua²¹³/
Wuhan /xua³⁵/
Chengdu /xua¹³/
Guiyang /xua²¹³/
Kunming /xua̠²¹²/
Nanjing /xuɑ⁴⁴/
Hefei /xua⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /xua⁴⁵/
Pingyao /xuɑ³⁵/
Hohhot /xua⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ho³⁵/
/hua³⁵/
Suzhou /ho⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /huɑ⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /ho⁴²/
Hui Shexian /xua³²⁴/
Tunxi /xuːə⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /fa⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /xuɒ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /fɑ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /fa⁵³/
Taoyuan /fɑ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fa³³/
Nanning /fa³³/
Hong Kong /fa³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hua²¹/
/hue²¹/
/ua²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huɑ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xua³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hue²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hua³⁵/
/hue³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (32)
Final () (99)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hˠuaH/
Pan
Wuyun
/hʷᵚaH/
Shao
Rongfen
/xuaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/hwaɨH/
Li
Rong
/xuaH/
Wang
Li
/xwaH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xwaH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
huà
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
huà
Middle
Chinese
‹ xwæH ›
Old
Chinese
/*qʷʰˤ<r>aj-s/
English transform

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5327
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hŋʷraːls/

Definitions

  1. to change; to transform
  2. to become; to turn into
  3. to die
  4. to melt
  5. to dissolve
  6. Suffix denoting "change into ...". Akin to English -ize and -ization.
  7. Short for 教化 (jiàohuà, “enlightenment; cultivation”).
  8. Short for 化學化学 (huàxué, “chemistry”).

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Suffix

(hiragana , romaji -ka)

  1. -ification, action of making something that way

Korean

Hanja

(hwa) (hangeul , revised hwa, McCune-Reischauer hwa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

To Transform


Vietnamese

Han character

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References