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Definition 2024

苦役

苦役

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	service
simp. and trad. (苦役)		苦	役

Noun

苦役

hard labor; forced labor

Synonyms

勞役／劳役 (láoyì)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
苦	役
く Grade: 3	えき Grade: 3
on'yomi

Noun

苦役 ‎(hiragana くえき, romaji kueki)

drudgery, toil
hard labor

Pronunciation

Mandarin

(Pinyin): kǔyì

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄧˋ
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khú-yi̍t
Min Nan (POJ): khó͘-ia̍h

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: kǔyì
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄧˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuuyih
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ i⁵¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khú-yi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: ku` id
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ku³ yid⁶
  - IPA: /kʰu³¹ it̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khú-yi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: ku` (r)id
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ku³ yid⁶
  - IPA: /kʰu³¹ (j)it̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-ia̍h
  - Tâi-lô: khóo-ia̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qofiah
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iaʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iaʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iaʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iaʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iaʔ⁴/