Chinese

Noun

地震

1. earthquake

   臺灣發生地震了。 / 台湾发生地震了。  ―  Táiwān fāshēng dìzhèn le.  ―  There was an earthquake in Taiwan.

Synonyms

• (dialectal) 地動／地动 (dìdòng)
• (Min Nan) 塗牛翻身／涂牛翻身, 地牛翻身

See also

• 餘震／余震 (yúzhèn, “aftershock”)

Japanese

Etymology 1

/disin/ > /zisin/. Literally "ground shake".

Pronunciation

• On'yomi
• (Tokyo) じしん [jìshíń] (Heiban - [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑiɕĩɴ]
• Homophone: 自信 (confidence), 自身 (one's self), 時針 (hour-hand (of clock or watch)), 磁針 (compass), 磁心 (magnetic core)

Noun

地震 ‎(hiragana じしん, romaji jishin, historical hiragana ぢしん)

1. shaking of the earth; an earthquake

Related terms

See also

Etymology 2

/nawi/ > /nai/. Japanese loses labialization before non-open vowels.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nai]

Noun

地震 ‎(hiragana ない, romaji nai, historical hiragana なゐ)

1. (obsolete) an earthquake
   • 720, Nihon Shoki (year 415)

     五年秋七月丙子朔己丑、地震。先是、命葛城襲津彦之孫玉田宿禰、主瑞齒別天皇之殯。則當地震夕、遣尾張連吾襲、察殯宮之消息。時諸人悉聚無闕。

   • 1212, Hōjōki

     また、同じころかとよ、おびたゝしく大地震ふること侍き。[...] 恐れのなかに恐るべかりけるは、只地震なりけりとこそ覺え侍しか。[...] よのつね、驚くほどの地震、二三十度ふらぬ日はなし。

Etymology 3

/nawi/ > /nai/ > /nae/. Middle Japanese /e/ was realized as [je], hence the below citation.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nae]

Noun

地震 ‎(hiragana なえ, romaji nae)

1. an earthquake
   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 455)

     Naye. ナエ(地震) 地震. Nayega yuru. (地震が揺る) 地震がする.

References

• Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 978-4-00-080021-1, published 1980.
• Nishio, Minoro (1212) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Hōjōki, Tsurezuregusa, Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-00-060030-3, published 1957
• Sakamoto, Tarō; Ienaga Saburō, Inoue Mitsusada, Ōno Susumu (720) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Nihon Shoki (vol. 1), Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-00-060067-2, published 1965-1967

Korean

Noun

地震 • ‎(jijin) ‎(hangeul 지진)

1. Hanja form^? of 지진, “earthquake”.

Related terms

1. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3