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Definition 2024


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See also:

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 181 +7, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一廿一月金 (MTMBC), four-corner 11186, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 1404, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43490
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1921, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4372, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+982D

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*toː
*toː, *roː
*toː, *doːs
*toːs
*tʰoː
*doː
*doːs
*doːs, *dos
*doːs
*doːs
*doːs
*doːs
*doːs
*doːs
*doːs
*djoʔ
*djoʔ
*toːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *doː) : phonetic  (OC *doːs) + semantic .

Etymology

Replaced earlier (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus, “head”).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /tʰou³⁵/
Harbin /tʰou²⁴/
Tianjin /tʰou⁴⁵/
Jinan /tʰou⁴²/
Qingdao /tʰou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tʰou⁴²/
Xi'an /tʰou²⁴/
Xining /tʰɯ²⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰəu⁵³/
Lanzhou /tʰou⁵³/
Ürümqi /tʰɤu⁵¹/
Wuhan /tʰəu²¹³/
Chengdu /tʰəu³¹/
Guiyang /tʰəu²¹/
Kunming /tʰəu³¹/
Nanjing /tʰəɯ²⁴/
Hefei /tʰɯ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰəu¹¹/
Pingyao /təu¹³/
/tʰəu¹³/
Hohhot /tʰəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /dɤ²³/
Suzhou /dɤ¹³/
Hangzhou /dei²¹³/
Wenzhou /dɤu³¹/
Hui Shexian /tʰiu⁴⁴/
Tunxi /tʰiu⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /təu¹³/
Xiangtan /dəɯ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɛu²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /tʰeu¹¹/
Taoyuan /tʰeu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰɐu²¹/
Nanning /tʰɐu²¹/
Hong Kong /tʰɐu²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tʰɔ³⁵/
/tʰau³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tʰau⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tʰe³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /tʰau⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hau³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (7)
Final () (137)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/dəu/
Pan
Wuyun
/dəu/
Shao
Rongfen
/dəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dəw/
Li
Rong
/du/
Wang
Li
/dəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tóu
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tóu
Middle
Chinese
‹ duw ›
Old
Chinese
/*[m-t]ˤo/
English head

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 2465
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*doː/

Definitions

  1. (anatomy) head
    不再 / 不再   tóu bùzài tòng le.   My head doesn't hurt any more.
  2. hair
  3. top; tip; end
  4. chief; boss
  5. remnant; end
  6. Classifier for livestock.  ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    /    Wǒ yǒu liǎng tóu zhū.   I have two pigs.
  7. first; leading
  8. Diminutive suffix.

Synonyms

  • (yuán, “head; first”)

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
あたま
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana あたま, romaji atama)

  1. (anatomy) the forehead or fontanelle part of the skull
  2. head (body part)
     (あたま) (いた)い。
    Atama ga itai.
    My head hurts.
Idioms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
かしら
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana かしら, romaji kashira)

  1. the head as a whole
  2. boss, leader
  3. top part of a Chinese character
  4. head of a doll
Alternative forms
  • (head of a doll):

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
かぶり
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana かぶり, romaji kaburi)

  1. head
Idioms

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
かぶ
Grade: 2
Irregular

Cognate with (kabu, stump).

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
  • IPA(key): [ka̠bɯᵝ]

Noun

(hiragana かぶ, romaji kabu)

  1. (obsolete) head
Derived terms

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
つぶり
Grade: 2
Irregular

Probably a compound of (tsubu, round thing, such as a grain) + (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɯᵝbɯᵝɾi]

Noun

(hiragana つぶり, romaji tsuburi)

  1. head

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
つむり
Grade: 2
Irregular

From tsuburi above. Bilabial plosive /b/ becomes bilabial nasal /m/.

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) むり [tsùmúríꜜ] (Odaka - [3])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɯᵝmɯᵝɾi]

Noun

(hiragana つむり, romaji tsumuri)

  1. head
  2. hair of head

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
つむ
Grade: 2
Irregular

Shortened from tsumuri: see above.

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɯᵝmɯᵝ]

Noun

(hiragana つむ, romaji tsumu)

  1. head
Derived terms

Etymology 8

Kanji in this term
こうべ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

kamipe > kampe > kaube > koːbe. Compound of either (kami, upper) or (kami, hair) with the suffix (pe, location).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana こうべ, romaji kōbe, historical hiragana かうべ)

  1. head
Alternative forms

Etymology 9

Kanji in this term
どたま
Grade: 2
Irregular

Contraction of (do, super-, often used ironically as a derogatory prefix) + (atama, head).

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) たま [dòtámáꜜ] (Odaka - [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [do̞ta̠ma̠]

Noun

(hiragana どたま, romaji dotama)

  1. (derogatory) head
Usage notes

Often spelled in hiragana, as どたま.

Etymology 10

Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
on'yomi

/du//d͡zu//zu/

From Middle Chinese (duw, head).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana , romaji zu, historical hiragana )

  1. head
Usage notes

This reading is more often found in compounds, such as 頭痛 (zutsū, a headache).

Idioms

Etymology 11

Kanji in this term
とう
Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

Counter

(hiragana とう, romaji -tō)

  1. heads of large animals (cows, horses)
     ()わせて1300 (せんさんびゃく) (とう) (あま)りが出荷 (しゅっか)され、全国各地 (ぜんこくかくち)流通 (りゅうつう)した
    Awasete sen sanbyaku amari ga shukka sare, zenkoku kakuchi ni ryūtsū shita.
    Altogether over 1300 heads of cattle have been distributed throughout the country.

Noun

(hiragana とう, romaji )

  1. head
Derived terms

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

(du) (hangeul , McCune-Reischauer tu, Yale twu)

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Northern Amami-Oshima

Kanji

(hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu)

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese (tsuburi), dialectal (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of (tsubu, round thing, such as a grain) + (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).

Noun

(hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu)

  1. head

Oki-No-Erabu

Kanji

(hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese (tsuburi), dialectal (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of (tsubu, round thing, such as a grain) + (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).

Noun

(hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)

  1. head
  2. an intelligent person

Okinawan

Kanji

(hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese (tsuburi), dialectal (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of (tsubu, round thing, such as a grain) + (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).

Noun

(hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)

  1. head
  2. an intelligent person

Compounds


Southern Amami-Oshima

Kanji

(hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu)

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese (tsuburi), dialectal (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of (tsubu, round thing, such as a grain) + (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).

Noun

(hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu)

  1. head

Vietnamese

Han character

(đầu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yaeyama

Kanji

(hiragana つぶり, romaji tsuburi, hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu, hiragana つぃぶるぃ, romaji tsiburi)

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese (tsuburi), dialectal (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of (tsubu, round thing, such as a grain) + (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).

Noun

(hiragana つぶり, romaji tsuburi, hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu, hiragana つぃぶるぃ, romaji tsiburi)

  1. head

Yoron

Kanji

(hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese (tsuburi), dialectal (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of (tsubu, round thing, such as a grain) + (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).

Noun

(hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)

  1. head
  2. an intelligent person