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Definition 2024
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光
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See also: 灮
Translingual
Han character
光 (radical 10 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一山 (FMU), four-corner 90211, composition ⿱⿱⺌一儿)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 124, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1350
- Dae Jaweon: page 262, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 266, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5149
Chinese
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simp. and trad. |
光 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | ||
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 光
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (光) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 光 | *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs |
| 灮 | *kʷaːŋ |
| 洸 | *kʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋ |
| 桄 | *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs |
| 胱 | *kʷaːŋ |
| 垙 | *kʷaːŋ |
| 輄 | *kʷaːŋ |
| 恍 | *kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ |
| 茪 | *kʷaːŋ |
| 侊 | *kʷaːŋ, *kʷraːŋ |
| 晃 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ |
| 幌 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ |
| 榥 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ |
| 滉 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ |
| 觥 | *kʷraːŋ |
| 駫 | *kʷeːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 火 (“fire”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of light (Shuowen).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gwong1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kông
- Min Dong (BUC): guŏng
- Min Nan (POJ): kng / kong
- Wu (Wiktionary): kuaan (T1); kuan (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄤ
- Wade-Giles: kuang1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guang
- IPA (key): /ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gwong1
- Yale: gwōng
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwong1
- IPA (key): /kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông
- Hakka Romanization System: gong´
- Hagfa Pinyim: gong1
- IPA: /koŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: guŏng
- IPA (key): /kuoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: kuaan (T1); kuan (T1)
- IPA (key): /kɯɑ̃⁵³/, /kɯã⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 光 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kuɑŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /kuaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /kuɑŋ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /kuaŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /kuaŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /kuaŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an |
/kuaŋ²¹/ ～頭 /kuaŋ²⁴/ 副詞 |
|
| Xining | /kuɔ̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /kuɑ̃³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /kuaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /kuaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /kuaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /kuã̠/ | |
| Nanjing | /kuaŋ³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /kuɑ̃²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kuɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Pingyao |
/kuɑŋ¹³/ /kuə¹³/ ～油油 |
|
| Hohhot | /kuɑ̃³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kuɑ̃⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /kuɑ̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /kuɑŋ³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /kuɔ³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ko³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /kau¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kaun³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /kɔn³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kuɔŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kuoŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /koŋ²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kwɔŋ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /kɔŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kwɔŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/kɔŋ⁵⁵/ /kŋ̍⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kuoŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /kuaŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) |
/kuaŋ³³/ /kɯŋ³³/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/kuaŋ²³/ /kui²³/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 光 | 光 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (102) | 唐 (102) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古黃切 | 古曠切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kwɑŋ/ | /kwɑŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʷɑŋ/ | /kʷɑŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kuɑŋ/ | /kuɑŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kwaŋ/ | /kwaŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/kuɑŋ/ | /kuɑŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/kuɑŋ/ | /kuɑŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kwɑŋ/ | /kwɑŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
guāng | guàng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 光 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
guāng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kwang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʷˤaŋ/ |
| English | light, brightness |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 光 | 光 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 4506 | 4517 |
| Phonetic component |
光 | 光 |
| Rime group |
陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
桄 | |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʷaːŋ/ | /*kʷaːŋs/ |
| Notes | 灮隸變 | |
Definitions
光
- light; beam; ray (Classifier: 束 m; 道 m)
- only
- to make bare
- shiny
- Particle used after verbs to show exhaustion or completion. until none is left
- bright
- Antonyms: 暗 (àn)
Compounds
Derived terms from 光
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Japanese
Kanji
光
Readings
- Goon: こう (kō) < くわう (kwau)
- Kan’on: こう (kō) < くわう (kwau)
- Kun: ひか.る (光る, hika.ru); ひかり (光, hikari)
- Nanori: あき (aki), あきら (akira), こう (kō), てる (teru), ひこ (hiko), み (mi), みつ (mitsu)
Compounds
Compounds
|
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
|
ひかり Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
- 光り
Noun
光 (hiragana ひかり, romaji hikari)
- a physically perceived light: a light, a gleam, shining, glittering
- ダイヤモンドの光
- daiyamondo no hikari
- a diamond's glitter / shine / twinkling
- ダイヤモンドの光
- a metaphorical light: glory, a glimmer, a gleam
- 前途に光を失う
- zento ni hikari o ushinau
- to lose light regarding the future → future prospects grow dim
- 解決への道に光を投げかける
- kaiketsu e no michi ni hikari o nagekakeru
- to shed light on the way to a solution
- 前途に光を失う
- (in compounds) optics
- 光ファイバー
- hikari faibā
- optical fiber
- 光ファイバー
Proper noun
光 (hiragana ひかり, romaji Hikari)
- a place name, such as that of Hikari City in Yamaguchi Prefecture
- one of the bullet train services running on the Tōkaido/Sanyō shinkansen
- A surname.
- A female given name
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
|
ひかる Grade: 2 |
| Irregular |
Nominalization of the verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).
Pronunciation
- (Irregular reading)
- IPA(key): [çika̠ɾ̠ɯᵝ]
Proper noun
光 (hiragana ひかる, romaji Hikaru)
- A male given name
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 光 |
|
こう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |
/kwau/ → /kwɔː/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 光 (kwang, “light, brightness”). Compare modern Mandarin guāng and Hakka kông, Min Nan kong.
Pronunciation
Proper noun
光 (hiragana こう, romaji Kō, historical hiragana くわう)
- A male given name
References
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
光 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune-Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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